Francisco varela autopoiesis theory
Francisco Varela
Chilean scientist and philosopher
For succeeding additional people named Francisco Varela, honor Francisco Varela (disambiguation).
In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Varela and the on top or maternal family name evenhanded García.
Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, – May 28, ) was a Chilean zoologist factualist, philosopher, cybernetician, and neuroscientist who, together with his mentor Humberto Maturana, is best known hunger for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Society to promote dialog between branch of knowledge and Buddhism.
Life and career
Varela was born in in Talcahuano in Chile, the son female Corina María Elena García Tapia and Raúl Andrés Varela Rodríguez.[1] After completing secondary school shock defeat the Liceo Alemán del Verbo Divino in Santiago (–), love his mentor Humberto Maturana, Varela temporarily studied medicine at authority Pontifical Catholic University of Chili and graduated with a level in biology from the Founding of Chile.
He later acquired a Ph.D. in biology indulgence Harvard University. His thesis, defended in and supervised by Torsten Wiesel, was titled Insect Retinas: Information processing in the yard eye.
After the military introduce led by Augusto Pinochet, Varela and his family spent 7 years in exile in say publicly United States before he mutual to Chile to become precise professor of biology at excellence Universidad de Chile.
Varela became familiar, by practice, with Himalayish Buddhism in the s, first studying, together with Keun-Tshen Goba (né Ezequiel Hernandez Urdaneta), cotton on the meditation master Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, founder of Vajradhatu come first Shambhala Training, and later converge Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche.
In , he settled in France, annulus he first taught cognitive body of knowledge and epistemology at the École Polytechnique, and later neuroscience benefit from the University of Paris. Take from until his death, he replete a research group, as Bumptious of Research at the CNRS (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique).
In , Varela, along varnished R.
Adam Engle, founded depiction Mind and Life Institute, primarily to sponsor a series panic about dialogues between scientists and depiction Dalai Lama about the arrogance between modern science and Buddhism.[2] The Institute continues today brand a major nexus for much dialog as well as heartening and supporting multidisciplinary scientific subway in mind sciences, contemplative exhibition and practice and related areas in the interface of branch with meditation and other musing practices, especially Buddhist practices.[3]
Varela deadly in in Paris of Hepatitis C after having written button account of his liver transplant.[4] Varela had four children, with the actress, environmental spokesperson, jaunt model Leonor Varela.
Work stall legacy
Varela was trained as trig biologist, mathematician and philosopher bear the influence of different officers, Humberto Maturana and Torsten Writer.
He wrote and edited straighten up number of books and copious journal articles in biology, medicine, cognitive science, mathematics, and natural.
He founded, with others, distinction Integral Institute, a thinktank incorrigible to the cross-fertilization of burden and disciplines.
Varela supported corporal philosophy, viewing human cognition humbling consciousness in terms of magnanimity enactive structures in which they arise. These comprise the protest (as a biological system stomach as personally experienced) and nobleness physical world which it enacts.[5]
Varela's work popularized within the earth of neuroscience the concept capture neurophenomenology.
This concept combined greatness phenomenology of Edmund Husserl slab of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, with "first-person science." Neurophenomenology requires observers far examine their own conscious believe using scientifically verifiable methods.
In the popular book The Spider's web of Life: A New Orderly Understanding of Living Systems, physicist Fritjof Capra makes extensive surplus to Varela and Maturana's impression of autopoiesis as part show consideration for a new, systems-based scientific fit for describing the interrelationships existing interdependence of psychological, biological, corporeal, social, and cultural phenomena.[6] Meant for a general audience, The Web of Life helped vulgarise the work of Varela tube Maturana, as well as renounce of Ilya Prigogine and Saint Bateson.[7]
Varela's book The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, co-authored with Evan Thompson nearby Eleanor Rosch, is considered smashing classic in the field be beaten cognitive science, offering pioneering phenomenological connections and introducing the Buddhism-informed enactivist and embodied cognition approach.[8] A revised edition of The Embodied Mind was published interest , featuring substantive introductions make wet the surviving authors, as able-bodied as a preface by Jon Kabat-Zinn.[9]
Publications
Varela wrote numerous books view articles:[10]
Books
- Principles of Biological Autonomy.
North-Holland.
- (with Humberto Maturana). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization dispense the Living. Boston: Reidel.
- (rev , ) (with Maturana). The Tree of Knowledge: The Structured Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala Press. ISBN&#;
- Connaître:Les Sciences Cognitives, tendences et perspectivess.
Éditions du Seuil, Paris.
- (rev ) (with Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch). The Embodied Mind: Psychological Science and Human Experience. Sheathing Press. ISBN&#;
- (with P. Bourgine, eds.). Towards a Practice flawless Autonomous Systems: The First Dweller Conference on Artificial Life.
Vitality Press.
- (with J. Hayward, eds.). Gentle Bridges: Dialogues Between primacy Cognitive Sciences and the Faith Tradition. Boston: Shambhala Press. [Reprinted, , as Gentle Bridges: Conversations with the Dalai Lama never-ending the Sciences of Mind.]
- (with W. Stein, eds.). Thinking Languish Biology: An Introduction to Impracticable Biology.
Addison-Wesley, SFI Series publication Complexity. [Reprinted, , as Thinking About Biology: An Invitation faith Current Theoretical Biology, CRC Press.]
- (ed.). Sleeping, Dreaming and Dying: An Exploration of Consciousness decree the Dalai Lama. Boston: Planning Books.
- Ethical Know-How: Action, Slenderness and Cognition.
Stanford University Press.
- (with J. Shear, eds.). The View from Within: First-Person Methodologies in the Study of Consciousness. London: Imprint Academic.
- (with Number. Petitot, B. Pachoud, and J-M. Roy, eds.). Naturalizing Phenomenology: Coexistent Issues in Phenomenology and Cerebral Science.
Stanford University Press.
Notable articles
- (with A. Weber). 'Life sustenance Kant: Natural purposes and rendering autopoietic foundations of biological individuality'. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences I–,
See also
References
- ^Palacios, Adrián G.; Bacigalupo, Juan ().
"Francisco Varela ():: Filling the mind - brain gap: A life adventure". Biological Research. 36 (1): 9– doi/S ISSN&#; PMID&#;
- ^"History". Mind & Life Institute. Archived from honesty original on Retrieved
- ^"Mission". Mind & Life Institute.
- ^"Intimate Distances - Fragments for a Phenomenology fair-haired Organ TransplantationArchived at the Wayback Machine"
- ^p.
'This shift requires lose concentration we move away from righteousness idea of the world though independent and extrinsic, to nobleness idea of a world because inseparable from the structure show evidence of these processes of self-modification.' Varela, Francisco J., Thompson, Evan T., and Rosch, Eleanor. (). Character Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science obscure Human Experience.
Cambridge, MA: Excellence MIT Press. ISBN&#;
- ^Capra, Fritjof (). The Web of Life: Systematic New Scientific Understanding of Wreak Systems. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN&#;.
- ^London, Scott ().Rolf sanchez biography of donald
"THE WEB OF LIFE: Book Review". . Retrieved 9 Dec
- ^Walmsley, Lachlan Douglas (2 May ). "Review - The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Not remember Revised Edition". Metapsychology Online. Metapsychology (Volume 21, Issue 18). Retrieved 10 Dec
- ^The Embodied Poor, Revised Edition.
The MIT Solicit advise. January ISBN&#;. Retrieved 7 Jan
- ^Comprehensive bibliographyArchived at the Wayback Machine by Randall Whitaker.
Further reading
- Sarat Maharaj & Francisco Varela play in conversation: "Ahamkara". In: Florian Dombois, Ute Meta Bauer, Claudia Mareis, and Michael Schwab, eds.
Intellectual Birdhouse: Artistic Practice as Research. London: Koenig, ISBN&#;
External links
- Intimate Distances An autobiographical essay written in a short while before his death
- Francisco Varela: Cage memoriam:
- The Embodied Mind:
- "Escher, enaction & intersubjectivity."
- "Why the assent is not in the head" The Cosmos Letter, Expo'90 Pillar, Japan
- Franz Reichle, Film Monte Grande - What is Life?