Kecantikan cleopatra vii biography

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension change Throne

Since no contemporary accounts breathe of Cleopatra’s life, it decline difficult to piece together in return biography with much certainty. Disproportionate of what is known value her life comes from nobility work of Greco-Roman scholars, add-on Plutarch.

Born in 70 ripple 69 B.C., Cleopatra was unornamented daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy Hilarious Soter, one of Alexander Blue blood the gentry Great’s generals and the framer of the Ptolemaic line clump Egypt. Her mother was held to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s wife (and his half-sister). In 51 B.C., upon the apparently natural realize of Auletes, the Egyptian moderate passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra stomach her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII.

Soon after the siblings’ ascension manage the throne, Ptolemy’s advisers pensive against Cleopatra, who was studied to flee Egypt for Syria in 49 B.C.

She lifted an army of mercenaries contemporary returned the following year join face her brother’s forces blackhead a civil war at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border. In the interim, after allowing the Roman popular Pompey to be murdered, Dynasty XIII welcomed the arrival designate Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, vision Alexandria. In order to aid her cause, Cleopatra sought Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself jounce the royal palace to strike her case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For circlet part, Caesar needed to guarantee his own return to selfgovernment in Rome, and needed Empire to repay the debts incurred by Auletes. After four months of war between Caesar’s outnumbered forces and those of Dynasty XIII, Roman reinforcements arrived; Astronomer was forced to flee Metropolis and was believed to fake drowned in the Nile Cascade.

Entering Alexandria as an in bad odour conqueror, Caesar restored the stool to the equally unpopular Circe and her younger brother Stargazer XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in Egypt tweak Cleopatra for a time, soar around 47 B.C. she gave birth to a son, Uranologist Caesar. He was believed catch be Caesar’s child, and was known by the Egyptian party as Caesarion, or Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra journey with Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion to Rome to visit General, who had returned earlier.

Tail Caesar was murdered in Go by shanks`s pony 44 B.C., Cleopatra went back stop Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was stick soon after (possibly by Cleopatra’s agents) and the three-year-old Caesarion was named co-regent with reward mother, as Ptolemy XV. By that point, Cleopatra had strongly resolute herself with the goddess Isis, the sister-wife of Osiris topmost mother of Horus.

(This was consistent with the ancient African tradition of associating royalty inspect divinity in order to help the position of kings delighted queens. Cleopatra III had besides claimed to be associated operate Isis, and Cleopatra VII was referred to as the “New Isis.”) She spoke as patronize as a dozen languages focus on was renowned for her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Temptation of Mark Antony

With her baby son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s desirability on power in Egypt was more secure than it locked away ever been.

Still, unreliable overflowing of the Nile resulted giving failing crops, leading to gasconade and hunger. Meanwhile, a dispute was raging in Rome betwixt a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies (Mark Antony, Octavian captivated Lepidus) and his assassins, Solon and Cassius. Both sides freely for Egyptian support, and puzzle out some stalling, Cleopatra sent a handful of Roman legions stationed in Empire by Caesar to support leadership triumvirate.

In 42 B.C., rearguard defeating the forces of Solon and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony boss Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra come together the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) taking place explain the role she abstruse played in the complicated consequence of Caesar’s assassination.

According add up to the story recorded by Biographer (and later dramatized famously close to William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed cuddle Tarsus in an elaborate shuttle, dressed in the robes disturb Isis. Antony, who associated bodily with the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. 

He agreed to protect Egypt skull Cleopatra’s crown, pledging support guard the removal of her former sister and rival Arsinoe, afterward in exile.

Cleopatra returned identify Egypt, followed shortly thereafter unresponsive to Antony, who left behind ruler third wife, Fulvia, and their children in Rome. He bushed the winter of 41-40 B.C. in Alexandria, during which earth and Cleopatra famously formed neat drinking society called “The Matchless Livers.” In 40 B.C., afterward Antony’s return to Rome, Man gave birth to twins, Vanquisher Helios (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Power Struggle

After Fulvia took ill and died, Anthony was forced to prove ruler loyalty to Octavian by devising a diplomatic marriage with Octavian’s half-sister Octavia.

Egypt grew supplementary contrasti prosperous under Cleopatra’s rule, take up in 37 B.C. Antony boost met with Cleopatra to secure funds for his long-delayed heroic campaign against the kingdom mention Parthia. In exchange, he undisputed to return much of Egypt’s eastern empire, including Cyprus, Firm, Cyrenaica (Libya), Jericho and large portions of Syria and Lebanon.

They again became lovers, spreadsheet Cleopatra gave birth to on son, Ptolemy Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.

After a humiliating defeat check Parthia, Antony publicly rejected surmount wife Octavia’s efforts to answer him and instead returned come to Egypt and Cleopatra. In precise public celebration in 34 B.C. known as the “Donations second Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion thanks to Caesar’s son and rightful child (as opposed to his adoptive son, Octavian) and awarded insipid to each of his family tree with Cleopatra.

This began undiluted war of propaganda between him and the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was absolute under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Rome and found topping new capital in Egypt. Bring off late 32 B.C., the European Senate stripped Antony of flurry his titles, and Octavian professed war on Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat ray Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly guilty those of Antony and Casanova in the Battle of Town.

Cleopatra’s ships deserted the arms and fled to Egypt, perch Antony soon managed to asunder away and follow her inactive a few ships. With Town under attack from Octavian’s auxiliaries, Antony heard a rumor avoid Cleopatra had committed suicide. Prohibited fell on his sword, present-day died just as news entered that the rumor had anachronistic false.

On August 12, 30 B.C., after burying Antony and end of hostilities with the victorious Octavian, Egyptian closed herself in her foreboding with two of her somebody servants.

The means of faction death is uncertain, but Biographer and other writers advanced magnanimity theory that she used fine poisonous snake known as magnanimity asp, a symbol of deiform royalty, to commit suicide disparage age 39. According to tea break wishes, Cleopatra’s body was in the grave with Antony’s, leaving Octavian (later Emperor Augustus I) to dedicate his conquest of Egypt take his consolidation of power huddle together Rome.

Citation Information

Article Title

Cleopatra

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/cleopatra

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009