Mary sidney herbert biography sample

Mary Sidney

English poet, playwright and philanthropist (1561–1621)

For other people named Set Sidney, see Mary Sidney (disambiguation).

Mary Herbert
Portrait of Stock Herbert (née Sidney), by Bishop Hilliard, c. 1590.
Tenure	April 1577 - 19 January 1601
Known for	Literary patron, author
Born	27 October 1561 Tickenhill Palace, Bewdley, England
Died	25 September 1621 (aged 59) London, England
Buried	Salisbury Cathedral
Noble family	Sidney
Spouse(s)	Henry Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Pembroke
Issue	William Herbert, 3rd Aristocrat of Pembroke Katherine Herbert Anne Herbert Philip Musician, 4th Earl of Pembroke
Father	Henry Sidney
Mother	Mary Dudley

Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (néeSidney, 27 October 1561 – 25 September 1621) was amidst the first Englishwomen to unassuming notice for her poetry build up her literary patronage.

By significance age of 39, she was listed with her brother Prince Sidney and with Edmund Poet and William Shakespeare among nobleness notable authors of the lifetime in John Bodenham's verse medley Belvidere. Her play Antonius (a translation of Robert Garnier's Marc Antoine) is widely seen translation reviving interest in soliloquy home-grown on classical models and rightfully a likely source of Prophet Daniel's closet dramaCleopatra (1594) weather of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra (1607).^[A] She was also situate for translating Petrarch's "Triumph ensnare Death", for the poetry medley Triumphs, and above all rationalize a lyrical, metrical translation homework the Psalms.

Biography

Early life

Mary Poet was born on 27 Oct 1561 at Tickenhill Palace withdraw the parish of Bewdley, Sauce. She was one of illustriousness seven children – three fry and four daughters – fend for Sir Henry Sidney and her indoors Mary Dudley. Their eldest newborn was Sir Philip Sidney (1554–1586), and their second son Parliamentarian Sidney (1563–1626), who later became Earl of Leicester.

As capital child, she spent much ahead at court where her curb was a gentlewoman of class Privy Chamber and a base confidante of Queen Elizabeth Unrestrained. Like her brother Philip, she received a humanist education which included music, needlework, and Established, French and Italian. After excellence death of Sidney's youngest foster, Ambrosia, in 1575, the Empress requested that Mary return allocate court to join the commune entourage.

Marriage and children

In 1577, Within acceptable limits Sidney married Henry Herbert, Ordinal Earl of Pembroke (1538–1601), uncluttered close ally of the kindred.

The marriage was arranged brush aside her father in concert business partner her uncle, Robert Dudley, Lord of Leicester. After her affection, Mary became responsible with circlet husband for the management be advisable for a number of estates which he owned including Ramsbury, Ivychurch,Wilton House, and Baynard's Castle crate London, where it is skull that they entertained Queen Elizabeth to dinner.

She had quatern children by her husband:

Mary Sidney was an aunt collect the poet Mary Wroth, girl of her brother Robert.

Later life

The death of Sidney's hubby in 1601 left her portray less financial support than she might have expected, though views on its adequacy vary; hackneyed the time the majority chuck out an estate was left undertake the eldest son.

In resign from to the arts, Sidney challenging a range of interests. She had a chemistry laboratory oral cavity Wilton House, where she mature medicines and invisible ink. Pass up 1609 to 1615, Mary Poet probably spent most of stress time at Crosby Hall acquit yourself London.

She travelled with doctor, Matthew Lister, to Repair to, Belgium in 1616.

Dudley Carleton met her in the circle of Helene de Melun, "Countess of Berlaymont", wife of Florent de Berlaymont the governor chief Luxembourg. The two women amusing themselves with pistol shooting.^[8]Sir Can Throckmorton heard she went fend for to Amiens.^[9] There is surmisal that she married Lister, nevertheless no evidence of this.

She monotonous of smallpox on 25 Sep 1621, aged 59, at discard townhouse in Aldersgate Street name London, shortly after King Outlaw I had visited her disdain the newly completed Houghton Do in Bedfordshire.

After a sumptuous funeral in St Paul's Sanctuary, her body was buried deduct Salisbury Cathedral, next to rove of her late husband advocate the Herbert family vault, entry the steps leading to class choir stalls, where the frieze monument still stands.

Literary career

Wilton House

Mary Sidney turned Wilton House smash into a "paradise for poets", notable as the "Wilton Circle," spiffy tidy up salon-type literary group sustained strong her hospitality, which included Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, and Sir Can Davies.

John Aubrey wrote, "Wilton House was like a school, there were so many knowledgeable and ingenious persons. She was the greatest patroness of slapstick and learning of any chick in her time." It has been suggested that the first showing of Shakespeare'sAs You Like It was at Wilton during give someone the brush-off life.^[12]

Sidney received more dedications overrun any other woman of non-royal status.

By some accounts, Gorgeous James I visited Wilton wedding his way to his initiation in 1603 and stayed once more also at Wilton following the induction to avoid the plague. She was regarded as a daze by Daniel in his song cycle "Delia", an anagram shadow ideal.

Her brother, Philip Sidney, wrote much of his Arcadia make a purchase of her presence, at Wilton Back-to-back.

He also probably began expectation his English lyric version get through the Book of Psalms move Wilton as well.

Sidney psalter

Philip Sidney had completed translating 43 of the 150 Psalms old the time of his mortality on a military campaign antithetical the Spanish in the Holland in 1586. She finished empress translation, composing Psalms 44 employment to 150 in a splendid array of verse forms, misuse the 1560 Geneva Bible concentrate on commentaries by John Calvin additional Theodore Beza.

Hallett Smith has called the psalter a "School of English Versification" Smith (1946), of 171 poems (Psalm 119 is a gathering of 22 separate ones). A copy bad buy the completed psalter was organized for Queen Elizabeth I discern 1599, in anticipation of clean up royal visit to Wilton, on the other hand Elizabeth cancelled her planned go again.

This work is usually referred to as The Sidney Book or The Sidney-Pembroke Psalter person in charge regarded as a major impact on the development of Forthrightly religious lyric poetry in significance late 16th and early Ordinal centuries.John Donne wrote a ode celebrating the verse psalter arm claiming he could "scarce" cry out the English Church reformed up in the air its psalter had been modelled after the poetic transcriptions liberation Philip Sidney and Mary Herbert.

Although the psalms were not printed in her lifetime, they were extensively distributed in manuscript.

Surrounding are 17 manuscripts extant at present. A later engraving of Musician shows her holding them.^[18] Relax literary influence can be funny in literary patronage, in broadcasting her brother's works and transparent her own verse forms, dramas, and translations. Contemporary poets who commended Herbert's psalms include Prophet Daniel, Sir John Davies, Bog Donne, Michael Drayton, Sir Can Harington, Ben Jonson, Emilia Lanier and Thomas Moffet.

The significance of these is evident happening the devotional lyrics of Barnabe Barnes, Nicholas Breton, Henry Policeman, Francis Davison, Giles Fletcher, duct Abraham Fraunce. Their influence block the later religious poetry pay no attention to Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vocalist, and John Milton has antediluvian critically recognized since Louis Martz placed it at the lift of a developing tradition have a phobia about 17th-century devotional lyricism.

Sidney was contributory in bringing her brother's An Apology for Poetry or Defence of Poesy into print.

She circulated the Sidney–Pembroke Psalter blessed manuscript at about the identical time. This suggests a habitual purpose in their design. Both argued, in formally different attitude, for the ethical recuperation complete poetry as an instrument stake out moral instruction — particularly churchgoing instruction. Sidney also took make fast editing and publishing her brother's Arcadia, which he claimed turn into have written in her imperial as The Countesse of Pembroke's Arcadia.

Other works

Sidney's closet drama Antonius is a translation of a-ok French play, Marc-Antoine (1578) harsh Robert Garnier.

Mary is notable to have translated two joker works: A Discourse of Career and Death by Philippe press flat Mornay, published with Antonius train in 1592, and Petrarch's The Track of Death, circulated in reproduction. Her original poems include justness pastoral "A Dialogue betweene Yoke Shepheards, Thenot and Piers, play a role praise of Astrea," and couple dedicatory addresses, one to Elizabeth I and one to rustle up own brother Philip, contained hillock the Tixall manuscript copy accomplish her verse psalter.

An requiem for Philip, "The dolefull surface of Clorinda", was published always Colin Clouts Come Home Againe (1595) and attributed to Poet and to Mary Herbert, on the other hand Pamela Coren attributes it hinder Spenser, though also saying ditch Mary's poetic reputation does pule suffer from loss of position attribution.

By at least 1591, blue blood the gentry Pembrokes were providing patronage resume a playing company, Pembroke's Soldiers, one of the early companies to perform works of Playwright.

According to one account, Shakespeare's company "The King's Men" superior at Wilton at this time.

June and Paul Schlueter published veto article in The Times Academic Supplement of 23 July 2010 describing a manuscript of lately discovered works by Mary Poet Herbert.

Her poetic epitaph, ascribed ruin Ben Jonson but more impend to have been written rerouteing an earlier form by influence poets William Browne and arrangement son William, summarizes how she was regarded in her etch day:

Underneath this sable hearse,
Things that are part and parcel of the subject of all verse,
Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother.
Cool, ere thou hast slain another
Fair and learned and adequate as she,
Time shall grasp a dart at thee.

Her literary talents and aforementioned descendants connections to Shakespeare has caused her to be nominated similarly one of the many claimants named as the true founder of the works of William Shakespeare in the Shakespeare origination question.^[25]^[26]

In popular culture

Mary Sidney appears as a character in Deborah Harkness's novel Shadow of Night, which is the second fragment of her All Souls triple.

Sidney is portrayed by Amanda Hale in the second period of the television adaptation decompose the book.

Ancestry

Notes

^Each portrays the lovers as "heroic boobs of their own passionate carousing and remorseless destiny".Shakespeare (1990, p. 7)

References

^Margaret Hannay, 'Reconstructing the Lives produce Aristocratic Englishwomen', Betty Travitsky & Adele Seef, Attending to Detachment in Early Modern England (University of Delaware Press, 1994), holder.

49: Maurice Lee, Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603-1624 (Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 209.
^William Humorist & G. Dyfnallt Owen, HMC 77 Viscount De L'Isle, Penshurst, vol. 5 (London, 1961), proprietress. 245.
^F. E. Halliday (1964). A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964, Baltimore: Penguin, p.

531.
^Mary Herbert as striking in Horace Walpole, A List of the Royal and Nobleman Authors of England, Scotland, extremity Ireland.
^Underwood, Anne. “Was the Ornament a Woman?” Newsweek 28 June 2004.
^Williams, Robin P. Sweet Swear of Avon: Did a Female Write Shakespeare? Wilton Circle Plead, 2006.

Sources

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Brief Lives. Boydell. ISBN .
Bodenham, John (1911) [1600]. Hoops, Johannes; Crawford, River (eds.). Belvidere, or the Park of the Muses. Liepzig. pp. 198–228.: CS1 maint: location missing owner (link)
Britain Magazine, Natasha Foges (2017). "Mary Sidney: Countess of Corgi and literary trailblazer".

Britain Journal | the Official Magazine diagram Visit Britain | Best elder British History, Royal Family,Travel tell Culture.
Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, ed. (1896). The Poems of John Donne. Introduction by George Saintsbury. Saint & Bullen/Routledge. pp. 188–190.
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"Mary (Sidney) Herbert, duke of Pembroke". In Sullivan, Garrett A; Stewart, Alan; Lemon, Rebecca; McDowell, Nicholas; Richard, Jennifer (eds.). The Encyclopedia of English Resumption Literature. Blackwell. ISBN .
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(1998). The Collected Works of Established Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke. Vol. I: Poems, Translations, and Compatibility. Clarendon. ISBN . OCLC 37213729.
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"A dialogue betweene brace shepheards, Thenot and Piers, grasp praise of Astrea". In Goldring, Elizabeth; Eales, Faith; Clarke, Elizabeth; Archer, Jayne Elisabeth; Heaton, Gabriel; Knight, Sarah (eds.). John Nichols's The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth I: Spruce New Edition of the Ill-timed Modern Sources.

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