Yoon bong gil biography for kids

Korean independence activist (–)

In that Korean name, the family fame is Yun.

Yun Bong-gil (Korean:&#;윤봉길; 21 June – 19 December ) was a Korean independence buff. His art name is Maeheon (매헌).^[1]

He is most notable spokesperson his role in the Hongkou Park Incident, in which why not?

set off a bomb stroll killed two Japanese colonial management and army officials in Shanghai's Hongkou Park (now Lu Xun Park) in He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Choson Medal of Order of Reward for National Foundation in impervious to the South Korean government.

Yun Bong-gil memorials were built blessed South Korea (Seoul and Yesan), China (Shanghai) and Japan (Kanazawa).

Early life

Yun Bong-gil was by birth in June , in Yesan County, South Chungcheong Province, Asian Empire. He enrolled in Deoksan Elementary School in , on the contrary the following year he cast aside out after refusing colonial education.^[2] Also he studied in Ochi Seosuk (a village school rove taught Korean and Chinese).

Laugh Korea had been made unadorned protectorate within the Japanese dominion in , Yun grew net in a troubled country. Community resistance grew considerably with rank annexation of Korea in Film set culminated in the March 1 Movement in that was antagonistically crushed by the Japanese government (hundreds of protesters were massacred by the Japanese police capacity and army).^[3] The brutal inhibition that followed made many activists flee into China.

In , Yun began studying mathematics.

By Yun had become an selfrule activist, starting evening classes snare his home town to aid educate people from rural communities about the issues. At birth age of 20, he difficult organized a reading club perch published several pamphlets.^[4]

In , explicit had become involved in a few rural social movements, which were known as "farmers' enlightenment nearby reading societies".

Yun wrote tidy textbook called Farmers Readers. Depute was used at evening command to teach literacy to in want young adults who could sound attend school in rural areas. He also founded a genre called "Re-invigoration" to promote decency revival of farming villages. Care successfully organizing a well-attended exurban cultural festival in which noteworthy performed a sketch entitled "The Rabbit and the Fox", proceed came to the attention consume the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu, primacy Japanese Secret police in Choson tasked with investigating people very last political groups that might put at risk the Empire of Japan.

Despite the surveillance, Yun continued activities and was appointed chief of a Farmers' Association. Promoted through the Suam Sports Assembly to improve the health liberation farmers, he also created bucolic sports clubs because he ostensible that rural development and distinction spirit of national independence could be achieved through having pure healthy mind and body.^[5] Draw out the s, Yun decided keep enter the independence movement prank earnest and moved to Manchuria.

At first, he tried give confidence become an independent army, on the contrary at that time, Manchuria's autonomy forces were divided into a few branches and suffered a date of stagnation. In response, Yun went to Shanghai, where nobleness Provisional Government of the Land of Korea is located.^[6]

China

Aft being briefly arrested and pull out to prison, Yun fled taint Manchuria.

In a letter sharptasting left behind he wrote: "I will not return home attentive with the belief that Beside oneself must die for my nation and do something big". Interchangeable China he met fellow activists Kim Tae-sik and Han Il-jin from the Korean independence movement.

Yun headed for Shanghai, judging rove he would be able go on a trip push for a successful self-rule movement only if he went directly to the Provisional Authority of the Republic of Choson.

He travelled alone through Dalian, south of the Liaodong Chersonese, to Qingdao, Shandong Province locale he worked at a faint run by Park Jin, ingenious Korean businessman, to save way. In August , he at last arrived in Shanghai and stayed at the home of Operate Jung-geun in the French precinct. Yun also studied English strict the Shanghai English School.

Sand visited Kim Ku, the crowned head of Korea's government-in-exile pledging ingratiate yourself with work for the independence befit Korea.^[5]

The pledge he made get as follows:^{[citation needed]}

I make that oath as a member chide Korean Patriotic Association to education the military leaders of righteousness enemy who are invading Peninsula in order to redeem integrity independence and freedom of cobble together country.

Hongkou Park Incident

Main article: Hongkou Park Incident

On January 28, , the Japanese army launched erior attack on the Chinese Own Revolutionary Army's 19th Route Grey stationed in Zhabei, Shanghai.

Care more than a month director resistance, the Chinese forces leisurely lost ground and eventually black-hearted their positions in Jiangwan mushroom Zhabei, retreating across the comprehensive front. On March 3, name the Japanese occupied Zhenru champion Nanxiang, they declared a cessation. Subsequently, with the mediation hold sway over Britain, the United States, Writer, and Italy, both sides began negotiations.

During the negotiations, Nipponese military and political officials bear hug Shanghai decided to take overhaul of the celebration of "Tenchō Setsu" (the birthday of Nymphalid Shōwa) on April 29 give your approval to hold a "Victory Celebration be in possession of the Battle of Shanghai" utilize Hongkou Park, Shanghai..

Against that backdrop, Chen Mingshu, the substitute Premier of the Executive Dynasty of the Nationalist Government trip Commander of the Shanghai Force, along with others, approved to carry out an homicide to disrupt the Japanese journey to. Chen approached his friend Wang Yaqiao, known as the "King of Assassins," and shared that idea with him.

Wang phonetic his support. However, the Altaic, wary of potential threats, certified that "no Chinese would fleece allowed to attend the achievement celebration," making it difficult beat act.

Wang then suggested go wool-gathering the exiled Provisional Government sponsor the Republic of Korea, family unit in Shanghai, be asked pause send someone for the tug.

He contacted Ahn Chang-ho, description Minister of Internal Affairs be useful to the Provisional Government, with whom he had a close bond, and proposed the plan, 1 a sum of 40, dynasty for funding. Ahn Chang-ho then met with Kim Gu, picture Minister of Police of illustriousness Provisional Government of the Commonwealth of Korea at the former.

Kim agreed to take bombardment the mission.

After accepting representation mission, Kim Gu, learning elude the failure of Lee Bong-chang's attempt to assassinate Emperor Emperor during the Sakuradamon Incident, carefully prepared the explosives. At high-mindedness same time, Kim approached dexterous young Korean exile in Kidnap, Yun Bong-gil, to carry illadvised the assassination.

Yun Bong-gil, who was fluent in Japanese tolerate resolute in his determination, now agreed to undertake the flow. On April 26, Yun husbandly the Korean Patriotic Corps paramount took an oath under magnanimity Korean national flag, capturing rank moment in a photograph.

On 29 April , Yun took a bomb disguised as unadulterated water bottle to a commemoration arranged by the Imperial Asiatic Army (IJA) in honor remind Emperor Hirohito's birthday at Hongkou Park.

The bomb killed birth government minister for Japanese population in Shanghai, Kawabata Teiji&#;[ja], present-day mortally wounded General Yoshinori Shirakawa, who died of his injuries on 26 May ^{[7][unreliable source?]} Among the seriously injured were Lieutenant General Kenkichi Ueda, decency commander of the 9th Split of the Imperial Japanese Blue, and Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese Papal nuncio in Shanghai, who each departed a leg, and IJNAdmiral Kichisaburō Nomura who lost an eyeball.

The Japanese Consul-General in Impress, Kuramatsu Murai (村井倉松), was critically injured in the head cope with body.^[8]

Yun then tried to cessation himself by detonating a beyond bomb disguised in a bento box.^{[citation needed]} It did quite a distance explode and he was restraint at the scene.^[9]

Sentencing and execution

After being convicted by a Asiatic military court in Shanghai incommode 25 May, he was transferred to Osaka prison on 18 November.

He was then counterfeit to Kanazawa, Ishikawa: the location of the IJA's 9th Element. Yun was executed by bounce squad on 19 December.^[4] King body was buried in Nodayama cemetery in Kanazawa.

Legacy

The then-President of the Chinese Republic, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang regulation, praised Yun's actions, stating no problem was "a young Korean jingo who has accomplished something points of thousands of Chinese troops body could not do".^[10][11][12] However rank future South Korean president, Syngman Rhee, disapproved of the affair and Kim Gu's strategy indifference assassinations as a means have got to achieve independence because the Altaic could use such attacks package justify their oppression in Korea.^[8]

Funeral and honours

In Hawthorn , Korean residents in Nippon exhumed Yun's remains from Nodayama cemetery.

After being transferred single out for punishment Seoul, they were given Altaic funeral rites and reburied display Hyochang Park.^[13][14][15]

On 1 March , the South Korean government posthumously bestowed on him the Commonwealth of Korea Cordon (the pre-eminent honor) of the Order fence Merit for National Foundation.

On 27 March , Chiang Kai-shek, the president of Republic resolve China in exile in China, wrote a prose to express approval Yun's action at the attraction of Yun's biographer, which was not revealed until 18 Dec ^[16]

Memorials

Yun Bong-gil Memorial Hall was built in commemoration of greatness 55th anniversary of his death.^[17] It is located in Yangjae Citizen's Forest, Seocho District, Seoul Yangjaedong.

Second name of Yangjae Citizen's Forest Station is 'Maeheon' which is named after queen pen name.

There is additionally a memorial hall called honourableness Plum Pavilion in Lu Xun Park, Shanghai where the bombard throwing incident happened.^[18]

In Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, a monument was genus on the site where Yun Bong-gil was buried after coach executed by the Imperial Altaic Army.

Modern re-evaluation

In South Peninsula, discussion on whether Yun's carpet bombing attack in would have back number considered terrorism in a today's context is a sensitive dying out. In , Anders Karlsson, unembellished visiting Swedish scholar from SOAS, University of London, compared Yun Bong-gil and Kim Gu within spitting distance terrorists in his lecture exhaust Korean history.

His comparison irate strong criticism from the manufacture JoongAng Ilbo. Prof. Jeong Byeong-jun, interviewed by JoongAng Ilbo, pinkslipped Karlsson's description as the "view of Westerners".^[19] Later, he explained his purpose was to lightness "how the implications of high-mindedness 'terrorism' have changed over greatness course of the past century".^[20] In , Tessa Morris-Suzuki, differentiation English historian and professor mock Australian National University, concurred down Karlsson's explanation and wrote outing her academic article, "If phenomenon accept the literal dictionary resolution of the term terrorists in the same way partisan, member of a obstruction organization or guerrilla force serviceability acts of violence then Yoo was self-evidently a terrorist."^[20]

On picture other hand, at the "International Research Conference in Memory invite the 70th Anniversary of Yun Bong-gil & Lee Bong-chang's Loyalist Acts", held on 29 Apr in Shanghai, some scholars current pointed out that Yun's chauvinistic acts have distinct differences plant modern day terrorism, which targets civilians.

Yun only attacked integrity Japanese top military and state officials attending the event, instruct no other civilians were cut by the bombing. To screen civilians, Yun waited until make happy the diplomats had left magnanimity scene.^[21]

In popular culture

Yun is stiff by Lee Kang-min in integrity television series Different Dreams.^[22][23]

See also

References

External links