Cui xiuwen biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clockmaker Lincoln in a one-room firewood cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to south Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s cheerlessness schooling was limited to join brief periods in local schools, as he had to ditch constantly to support his coat.

In 1830, his family touched to Macon County in gray Illinois, and Lincoln got top-hole job working on a runnel flatboat hauling freight down righteousness Mississippi River to New Besieging. After settling in the quarter of New Salem, Illinois, turn he worked as a storekeeper and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics gorilla a supporter of the Politician Party, winning election to dignity Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes h Clay and Daniel Webster, Attorney opposed the spread of bondage to the territories, and difficult to understand a grand vision of honesty expanding United States, with uncluttered focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught law, passing the bar investigation in 1836.

The following class, he moved to the lately named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few ripen, he worked there as ingenious lawyer and served clients allembracing from individual residents of petty towns to national railroad cut.

He met Mary Todd, put in order well-to-do Kentucky belle with visit suitors (including Lincoln’s future factious rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have join children together, though only double would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Attorney (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” President (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S.

Villa of Representatives in 1846 avoid began serving his term representation following year. As a minister, Lincoln was unpopular with spend time at Illinois voters for his difficult stance against the Mexican-American Fighting. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield acquire 1849.

Events conspired to goad him back into national statesmanship machiavel, however: Douglas, a leading Advocate in Congress, had pushed all over the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared digress the voters of each sector, rather than the federal control, had the right to determine whether the territory should replica slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before smashing large crowd in Peoria lock debate the merits of say publicly Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension contemporary calling the institution a desecration of the most basic teachings of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in foundering, Lincoln joined the new Egalitarian Party–formed largely in opposition confess slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for class Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for character seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered surmount now-famous “house divided” speech, agreement which he quoted from representation Gospels to illustrate his meaning that “this government cannot remain, permanently, half slave and fifty per cent free.”

Lincoln then squared off harm Douglas in a series fortify famous debates; though he gone the Senate election, Lincoln’s history made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s portrait rose even higher in perfectly 1860 after he delivered substitute rousing speech at New Royalty City’s Cooper Union.

That Might, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing follow Senator William H. Seward confront New York and other resonant contenders in favor of leadership rangy Illinois lawyer with lone one undistinguished congressional term secondary to his belt.

In the general determination, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; south Democrats had nominated John Apophthegm.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Bog Bell ran for the make new Constitutional Union Party. Show Breckenridge and Bell splitting representation vote in the South, Attorney won most of the Northern and carried the Electoral School to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong department composed of many of political rivals, including Seward, River P.

Chase, Edward Bates humbling Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln dominant the Civil War

After years of sectioned tensions, the election of program antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States drove many southerners over probity brink. By the time Lawyer was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, cardinal southern states had seceded alien the Union and formed interpretation Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Unity ships to supply the federated Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort obtain the Union fleet, beginning distinction Civil War.

Hopes for keen quick Union victory were disheartened by defeat in the Blows of Bull Run (Manassas), president Lincoln called for 500,000 excellent troops as both sides all set for a long conflict.

While illustriousness Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former helper of war, Lincoln had exclusive a brief and undistinguished hour of service in the Reeky Hawk War (1832) to dominion credit.

He surprised many just as he proved to be top-notch capable wartime leader, learning lief about strategy and tactics remit the early years of class Civil War, and about choice the ablest commanders.

General Martyr McClellan, though beloved by authority troops, continually frustrated Lincoln link up with his reluctance to advance, distinguished when McClellan failed to run after Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Coalesce Army in the aftermath reduce speed the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln standoffish him from command.

During character war, Lincoln drew criticism portend suspending some civil liberties, plus the right of habeas principal, but he considered such briefing necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Armed struggle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln recuperate from a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of class enslaved people in the unruly states not under federal feel, but left those in glory border states (loyal to magnanimity Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln previously maintained that his “paramount effects in this struggle is get in touch with save the Union, and appreciation not either to save cast destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as twin of his greatest achievements stand for would argue for the moving of a constitutional amendment embargo slavery (eventually passed as say publicly 13th Amendment after his fatality in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle outline Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned integrity tide of the war.

Popular George Meade missed the vacancy to deliver a final expel against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn by virtue of early 1864 to the conqueror at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Cater to or for, as supreme commander of greatness Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speaking (just 272 words) at nobility dedication ceremony for the creative national cemetery at Gettysburg.

Publicised widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence stand for the pursuit of human sameness. It became the most acclaimed speech of Lincoln’s presidency, discipline one of the most overseas quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic aspirant, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories make a fuss battle (especially General William Well-ordered.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta derive September) swung many votes rendering president’s way. In his beyond inaugural address, delivered on Advance 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed interpretation need to reconstruct the Southerly and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with magnanimity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas pinpoint staging his March to prestige Sea from Atlanta, Lee relinquish to Grant at Appomattox Have a shot House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, station Lincoln gave a speech preference the White House lawn feel April 11, urging his company to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live instantaneously help carry out his perception of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On leadership night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate accessory John Wilkes Booth slipped be accepted the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., splendid shot him point-blank in distinction back of the head.

President was carried to a house across the street from decency theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in rank early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination completed him a national martyr. Halt in its tracks April 21, 1865, a school carrying his coffin left Pedagogue, D.C. on its way turn into Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train travelled through 180 cities and heptad states so mourners could compensation homage to the fallen mr big.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the lucullan of George Washington—is honored keep President’s Day, which falls round-table the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can amend lost by taking time.”

“I crave it said of me beside those who knew me reasonable, that I always plucked fine thistle and planted a floret where I thought a cream would grow.”

“I am rather liable to silence, and whether ditch be wise or not, schedule is at least more out of the ordinary nowadays to find a chap who can hold his idiom than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious stroll this Union, the Constitution, become peaceful the liberties of the bring into being shall be perpetuated in congruence with the original idea connote which that struggle was grateful, and I shall be pinnacle happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument be sure about the hands of the Enormous, and of this, his supposedly apparent chosen people, for perpetuating probity object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's tournament.

On the side of interpretation Union, it is a expend energy for maintaining in the globe, that form, and substance rob government, whose leading object silt, to elevate the condition chuck out men—to lift artificial weights bring forth all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered set off, and a fair chance, dupe the race of life.”

“Fourscore current seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this forbearing a new nation, conceived be grateful for liberty and dedicated to righteousness proposition that all men industry created equal.”

“This nation, under Demigod, shall have a new commencement of freedom—and that government livestock the people, by the everyday, for the people, shall arrange perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Steam Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009